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Tina S. Andersen
Peter Johansen
Bekka O. Christensen
Peter K. Paulsen
Hans Nygaard
J. Michael Hasenkam
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Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:34-41
© 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Original article: Cardiovascular

Intraoperative and Postoperative Evaluation of Cavitation in Mechanical Heart Valve Patients

Tina S. Andersen, MD, Peter Johansen, PhD, Bekka O. Christensen, MD, Peter K. Paulsen, DMSc, Hans Nygaard, DMSc, J. Michael Hasenkam, DMSc *

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark

Accepted for publication June 7, 2005.

* Address correspondence to Dr Hasenkam, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, Brendstrupgaardsvej, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark (Email: hasenkam{at}ki.au.dk).

BACKGROUND: Cavitation has been claimed partly responsible for the increased risk of thromboembolic complications, hemolysis, and fatal valve failure seen in mechanical heart valve patients. In vivo studies have investigated cavitation using high-pass filtering of the high-frequency pressure fluctuations with the root mean square values as an assessment of intensities. In vitro studies have shown that this well-known method may not be ideal owing to loss of data as a consequence of filtering, and because it requires a priori knowledge of the valve resonance pattern. Therefore, a new method has been developed, which decomposes the signal into nondeterministic (cavitation) and deterministic (valve resonance) signal components, and hence decreases data loss. This study aimed to evaluate cavitation in patients with mechanical, biological, and native heart valves both intraoperatively and postoperatively using the new method.

METHODS: High-frequency pressure fluctuations were measured by a hydrophone intraoperatively and postoperatively in 14 patients with mechanical valves, 10 patients with normal aortic valves, and 5 patients with bioprosthesis. The total signal energy was evaluated as nondeterministic and deterministic energies.

RESULTS: Nondeterministic energies were verified both intraoperatively and postoperatively in all patients who had a mechanical valve; this finding confirms the cavitation potential of mechanical valves. None of the data recorded in patients with bioprosthetic or native valves contained nondeterministic energy.

CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the presence of cavitation in mechanical heart valve patients using the nondeterministic energy of high-frequency pressure fluctuations as a quantitative measure of cavitation both intraoperatively and postoperatively.






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