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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 58, 1188-1191, Copyright © 1994 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

ARTICLES

Inaccuracies and variability of indirect pressure measurements during cardioplegia administration

NS Kato, GD Buckberg, CK Cushen and CR Whitwam
Department of Surgery, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.

This study shows cardioplegic delivery requires direct measurement of intravascular pressure, rather than its estimation by calibration of individual delivery systems or by aortic palpation. The effects of temperature, hematocrit, flow rate, and cannula type were tested in vitro after recording intravascular pressure during routine cardiac operations. Inaccuracies were introduced by estimating intravascular pressure, as changes in blood viscosity are affected by hematocrit and temperature, and delivery system pressure varied in relation with the type of cannula, direction of perfusion, and flow rate. Additionally, clinical delivery introduces the variable of intravascular resistance. The variability of direct intravascular pressure versus predicted pressure increased as flow rate was raised. These inaccuracies were overcome completely by directly monitoring intravascular pressure from the side ports of antegrade and retrograde cannulas. We conclude that (1) monitoring cardioplegic delivery device pressure is useful primarily to detect potential obstruction in the delivery system that must be corrected intraoperatively and (2) predicted pressure (by either palpation or in vitro calibration) is an unreliable method of determining intravascular pressure during cardioplegic delivery.

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				C. E Johnson, S. C Faulkner, J. Tucker, M. L Schmitz, R. B. Mee, and J. J Drummond-Webb Optimizing cardioplegia strategy for donor hearts Perfusion, January 1, 2004; 19(1): 65 - 68. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. J Taft, A. H Stammers, C. C Jones, M. S Dickes, M. L Pierce, and D. J Beck Cardioplegia flow dynamics in an in vitro model Perfusion, September 1, 1999; 14(5): 341 - 349. [Abstract] [PDF]