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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 52, 759-765, Copyright © 1991 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
DJ Mathisen, HC Grillo, JC Wain and AD Hilgenberg
Acquired, nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula is an uncommon and
difficult problem to manage. The most common cause is a complication of
endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes. Most are diagnosed while patients still
require mechanical ventilation. We use a conservative approach until
patients are weaned from ventilation. A tracheostomy tube is placed so that
the balloon rests below the fistula, if possible, to prevent contamination
of the tracheobronchial tree. A gastrostomy tube is placed for drainage and
a separate jejunostomy tube for nutrition. Single-stage repair is done
after the patient is weaned from mechanical ventilation. Esophageal
diversion is rarely required. We have performed 41 operations on 38
patients. Simple division and closure of the fistula was done in 9 patients
and tracheal resection and reconstruction in the remainder. The esophageal
defect was closed in two layers and a viable strap muscle interposed
between the two suture lines. There were four deaths (10.9%). There were
three recurrent fistulas and one delayed tracheal stenosis. All were
successfully managed. Of the 34 surviving patients, 33 aliment themselves
orally and 32 breathe without the need for a tracheal appliance.
ARTICLES
Management of acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula
Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
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