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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 46, 666-674, Copyright © 1988 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

ARTICLES

The changing mortality of myocardial revascularization: coronary artery bypass and angioplasty

KS Naunheim, AC Fiore, JJ Wadley, KR Kanter, LR McBride, DG Pennington, HB Barner, U Deligonul, MJ Kern and M Vandormael
Department of Surgery, St. Louis University Medical Center, MO 63104.

The risk factors and outcome for the first 150 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 1985 (CABG '85) were compared with those of the first 150 patients undergoing CABG in 1975 (CABG '75) and those of the first 150 patients to have percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 1985 (PTCA '85). The CABG '85 patients had a significantly higher (p less than 0.05) incidence of known operative risk factors including advanced age, female sex, severity of angina, history of recent infarction, triple- vessel disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and emergency operation than the CABG '75 cohort. The clinical profile of the PTCA '85 patients closely resembled the low-risk profile found in the CABG '75 patients. Overall mortality following CABG more than doubled during the decade studied (3% versus 7%, p = 0.07). This study suggests that the increased mortality associated with CABG in 1985 is due in part to the inclusion of more high-risk patients in the surgical population. In addition, the application of PTCA removes low-risk patients from the surgical candidate pool and adds more patients requiring emergency operations, thereby further contributing to the overall decline in the clinical status of patients referred for operation.

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